Spain

The Spanish Strategy of Science, Technology and Innovation 2013-2020 defines the policy for Open Access to research data subsidized with public resources. The published scientific journals funded by the State Plan of Scientific and Technical Research 2017-2020 will be deposited in repositories.

Along with the strategies and policies for Open Science defied in the Spanish Strategy of Science, Technology and Innovation EECTI 2021-2027 and the State Plan of Scientific and Technical Research 2021-2023, the Spanish Foundation of Science and Technology (FECYT) has a working group to monitor to what extent Spanish repositories comply with Science Law open access clause, in compliance with the provisions of Article 37 of Law 14/2011, June 1, on Science, Technology and Innovation and the recommendations linked to the European agenda on open access and open science.

Spain is very active in the management of the whole data life cycle in different scientific disciplines. A key instrument are the Unique Science and Technology Infrastructures (ICTS) and in international collaborations related to the sharing of data. Relevant examples are:

• The Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO): Research public body ascribed to the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities with core budged allocated by the Government. The maintenance of the databases is connected to other in EU. IEO is partner of SeaDataNet (SND) , a distributed Marine Data Infrastructure for the management of large and diverse sets of data deriving from in situ of the seas and oceans. Data are also been incorporated to long-term marine data initiatives like EMODnet, FixO3 or PSMSL among others. SDN gives access to data and useful information to researchers, individuals, companies, important European initiatives such as EuroFleets (New operational steps towards an alliance of European research fleets) and international initiatives such as POGO (Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans).
• Spanish National Bio-Informatics Institute (INB) is one of the 19 nodes distributed across 13 institutions of ELIXIR. INB is responsible in ELIXIR for co-managing the European Genome-Phenome Archive, besides other health related platforms that could contribute to EOSC, such as the Spanish Clinical Trials Research Network (SCREN), the Spanish Medical Innovation Platform (ITEMAS) and Spanish Biobank Network (Red Biobancos) and the Proteomics, Genomics and Cellular Lines Platform (PRB3).
• INSTRUCT is an ESFRI focused on structural biology. Spain contributes to INSTRUCT with the “Instruct Image Processing Center (I2PC)” in the Spanish Centre of Biotechnology CNB-CSIC.
• Lifewatch-ERIC, Infrastructure Consortium providing e-Science research facilities to scientists seeking to increase our knowledge and deepen our understanding of Biodiversity organisation and Ecosystem functions and services in order to support civil society in addressing key planetary challenges.

In the horizontal dimension FECYT published an Open Science report on good practices for the management of research data (December 2012), aiming to assist in the standardization of research data management in repositories to facilitate its preservation, access and distribution, as well as an Open Access dissemination on recommendations for the implementation of the Article 37 of the Spanish Science, Technology and Innovation Act (October 2014). By mandate of the Secretary General of Research, FECYT is working on the definition of a National Strategy on Open Science, involving the main stakeholders comprising funding agency, career evaluation agencies, Universities and research institutions and data and repository service providers.

At institutional level, most organizations have fostered the deposit of research data and assets in institutional repositories, linked to the national network of libraries. A representative example is the CSIC Open Access Mandate entered in April 2019 requesting CSIC researchers to deposit and make their data associated with publications FAIR in the institutional Open Science repository, DIGITAL.CSIC.